Clinical Presentation and Treatment Outcomes of a Rare Hematologic Malignancy, Solitary Plasmacytoma: Single Center Experience

Aim: Solitary plasmacytoma(SP) is a rare hematological malignancy. In our study, we aimed to present the clinical presentation of this disease and the effects of radiotherapy on local control and survival as a single center experience.

Methodology: Case records of patients diagnosed with solitary plasmacytoma treated in our clinic between 2010-2022 were evaluated retrospectively. Radiotherapy was planned with 3D Conformal technique and IMRT techniques. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis and Cox univariate regression analysis was used for comparison of other data.

Results: Thirty-five of 44 patients whose files were screened met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 26 (74.3%) were solitary bone plasmacytoma (SBP) and 9 (25.7%) were extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP). The thoracic vertebrae were the most common sites of SBP, while EMP most frequently occurred in the upper respiratory tract. The most common symptoms were pain and spinal compression. Median follow-up was 46.9 months. Multiple myeloma developed in 12 patients (34.3%) and secondary malignancy developed in three patients (8.6%) during follow-up. 1, 3 and 5-year survival rates were 94%, 80% and 76% respectively; median progression-free survival was 34.4 months.

Conclusion: We think that this study, in which we shared the data of a single center in the rare disease group, contributes to the literature in terms of detecting prognostic factors and managing the treatment process more accurately. Our results can be supported by multicenter studies that will include a larger number of patients.