Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Marginal Bone Loss and Periodontal Parameters after Various Dental Reconstruction Procedures

Background: Periodontal disease is a bacterial infection that causes bone resorption of bone supporting teeth and leads to change in the normal architecture of the alveolar process. There are instances where the technique sensitive nature of restorative procedures or the faulty restorative margins may inadvertently lead to conditions which could bring about periodontal disease/ destruction. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the impact of dental restorations type on marginal bone among some patients being treated for chronic periodontitis. Material and Methods: Three hundred patients from the periodontics clinics in college of dentistry, King Khalid university were participated in our study. A total of 292 patients completed the study, 152 males and 140 female. They were divided according to dental reconstructions into three groups: Group I was without dental reconstructions (control group), group II patients received amalgam class II fillings and group III received fixed bridge denture. Plaque index (PLI) gingival index (GI), clinical attachment loss (CAL) and marginal bone loss (MBL) were recorded. All data were collected and were analyzed by ANOVA test. Results: In the present study, the restored teeth revealed significantly higher mean values for PLI, GI, CAL and MBL than the non-restored teeth (p-value < 0.05). Conclusion: Although the limitations of the present study, the patients in group II had the highest clinical attachment loss and value of marginal bone loss which can explain the more extension of amalgam fillings into subgingival direction, leading to increased plaque accumulation and increased periodontal destruction.