Radiological Findings in Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) of Hereditary and Sporadic Pulmonary Veno-Occlusive Disease: Certainties and Uncertainties

Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) is a very infrequent form of pulmonary arterial hypertension with an aggressive clinical course, poor response to specific vasodilator treatment, and low survival. Confirming a definitive diagnosis is essential to guide treatment and assess lung transplantation. However, in the absence of histological or genetic confirmation, the diagnosis is complex, requiring a clinical suspicion. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is an essential part of the non-invasive diagnostic tools of PVOD. We retrospectively reviewed the MDCT findings from a consecutive series of 25 patients diagnosed with PVOD, 9 with the sporadic form and 16 with the hereditary form of the disease. The presence and extent of typical findings of the diagnostic triad were assessed in all patients (ground glass parenchymal involvement, septal lines, and lymphadenopathy). In our series, 92% of patients showed at least two of the radiological findings described as typical of the disease. All patients presented at least one typical radiological characteristic. The incidence of radiological findings considered typical is very high, however was not associated with greater hemodynamic severity nor to the development of acute lung edema. No significant differences were found between the two groups. A poorly expressive MDCT does not exclude the disease.