Impact of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles, Demineralized and Decellularized Bone Matrix on Tibia Fracture Healing: A Biochemical and Histological Study in Goats

At present, using bone grafts is the most successful surgical approach for repairing deficits in the bone structure. This study investigated into how goat tibial defect fracture healing was impacted by using hydroxyapatite (HA) or demineralized and decellularized bone matrix (dDBM) xenograft.

Methodology: In this study, fifteen young goats were employed. Three groups (n=5) consisting of the control group, nano-group, and xeno-group were created from the animals. Bone drill was used to remove 2 mm from the tibia of the right hind limp in all animals. The hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HA) in the Nano-group and the xenograft demineralized and decellularized bone matrix (dDBM) (obtained from sheep tibia) in the Xeno-group were used to fill the bone defect respectively, while the bone defect in the control group remained without treatment, and the surgical site was regularly closed. Blood serum was collected at the following intervals: postoperative, 14, 42, and 64 days for detection of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OC) levels. At 64 days after surgery, all goats were euthanized and the healing was evaluated by specimen histological observation.

Results: Biochemical examination in treated groups (Nano and Xeno groups) showed a statistically significant (P < 0.05) increase in the level of ALP and OC. histopathological examination at 64 day post-operation, treated groups shows Completely grown woven bone and the fracture callus composed of mature fibro-osteoid mixture. In conclusion, We demonstrate that the healing process accelerated and the bone defect can be filled by using hydroxyapatite (HA), or dDBM, as a scaffold for the damaged tibia bone.