The Psychological Impact of Infertility on Couples: Exploring the Role of Support Systems and Coping Mechanisms

Infertility, defined as the inability to conceive after 12 months of regular, unprotected intercourse, affects approximately 15% of couples globally and has profound psychological impacts. This literature review explores the multifaceted emotional and relational consequences of infertility, focusing on the roles of support systems and coping mechanisms. Infertility often leads to increased levels of stress, anxiety, and depression, with significant gender differences in emotional responses and coping strategies. Women generally experience more intense emotional distress, while men may feel pressured to suppress their emotions, leading to relational strain. Social stigma and cultural pressures further exacerbate the psychological burden, particularly in societies where fertility is closely linked to social status. This review also highlights the critical role of support systems, family, friends, professional counseling, and online peer groups, in mitigating psychological distress. Positive social support can significantly reduce feelings of isolation and improve emotional well-being, while maladaptive coping strategies, such as avoidance and substance use, can worsen mental health outcomes. Additionally, the review emphasizes the importance of integrating psychological support into infertility treatment plans and tailoring interventions to address the unique needs of both partners. The findings underscore the need for comprehensive, culturally sensitive approaches that address both the emotional and relational challenges of infertility. Future research should focus on long-term psychological impacts, effective interventions for men, and the role of online support groups in providing emotional support for infertile couples.