Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) and It's Application in Vegetable Crop Improvement

Vegetable crop breeding has changed dramatically since the early 1980s due to technological breakthroughs, especially high-throughput sequencing and molecular marker technologies, which have made it possible to sequence many plant genomes, create dense genetic maps, and identify important genes and QTLs linked to traits like yield and disease resistance. ..These instruments have expedited genetic research and breeding programs in crops including tomato, pepper, eggplant, and cucumber, establishing marker-assisted selection (MAS) as a crucial component of contemporary breeding. The use of these technologies has improved crop characteristics significantly and is still influencing the development of vegetable crops in the future. .. For instance, in the majority of private and public tomato breeding projects, major-gene disease resistance traits like verticillium wilt and anthracnose are selected for using PCR-based markers such as SCAR and CAPS.Bs5 and Bs6 have broad-spectrum resistance against Xanthomonas spp. against chilli leaf spot thanks to marker-assisted gene pyramiding. Major QTLs associated to SSR marker CAMS451 on chromosome 1 (from Capsicum accession LS2341) and marker ID10-194305124 on chromosome 10 (from C. annuum BVRC1) have been mapped for resistance to Ralstonia bacterial wilt.Constantly searching crop germplasm for new resistance genes or alleles is essential to diversify the gene pool and stop resistance from breaking down. By using marker-assisted selection (MAS), it is possible to combine genes for resistance to different pathogens or several sources of resistance to the same pathogen to create novel cultivars.